Mediating effect of mental health on job burnout and aggressive driving behavior in bus drivers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating effect of mental health on job burnout and aggressive driving behavior in bus drivers. METHODS: A total of 447 bus drivers was selected as study subjects using a convenience sampling method. The status of job burnout, mental health and aggressive driving behaviors were investigated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, Symptom Check List 90, and the Aggressive Driving Questionnaire. RESULTS: The score of aggressive driving behaviors of bus drivers were positively correlated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment dimension score and mental health total score[Spearman correlation coefficient(r_S)=0.23, 0.27, 0.15, 0.34, all P<0.01]. The mental health total score was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions scores(r_S=0.46, 0.47, all P<0.01), and not correlated with personal accomplishment dimension score(r_S=-0.04, P>0.05). Emotional exhaustion can affect aggressive driving behaviors through mental health, and the standardized mediating value was 0.16, accounting for 72.7% of the total effect. Depersonalization can influence aggressive driving behaviors through mental health, and the standardized mediating value was 0.17, accounting for 70.8% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Mental health plays a mediating role in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and aggressive driving behavior of bus drivers.

Mediating effect of coping styles on aggressive behaviors against bus drivers and their mental health status / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating effect of coping styles on aggressive behavior against bus drivers and their mental health status. METHODS: A total of 447 bus drivers were selected as the research objects using the method of judgment sampling. The aggressive behavior, mental health status and coping style of bus drivers were investigated using the Questionnaire of Aggressive Behaviors Against Bus Drivers, Symptom-Checklist 90 and Questionnaire of Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. RESULTS: The median scores of aggressive behavior against bus drivers, positive coping style, negative coping style and mental health status were 50.0, 22.0, 10.0 and 125.0, respectively. Aggressive behavior against bus drivers and negative coping style were positively correlated with mental health status [Spearman correlation coefficient(r_S) were 0.27 and 0.42, respectively, P<0.01]. Positive coping style was not correlated with mental health status(r_S=-0.08, P>0.05). The total effect of aggressive behavior against bus drivers on their mental health status was 0.30. The mediating role of negative coping styles on aggressive behavior against bus drivers and their mental health status was 0.10, accounting for 33.1% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Negative coping styles play a partial mediating role on the impact of aggressive behavior against bus drivers′ mental health status.

An investigation on the situation of bus driver's personality characteristics and its relationship with driving experience / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between bus drivers' personality characteristics with driving experience and to provide reference for safe driving. Methods A total of 158 bus drivers who work for one year and above were extracted by random sampling from a bus company in Ningbo during March 2016 to May 2016. The survey was carried out by 16 personality factor questionnaire (16PF), and compared with the national norm. Results The subjects were male, and average age was 39.24±6.78. The average bus driving year was 15.54±6.66 and mainly with high school education (62.66%) . The scores of agreeableness (9.21±3.18), intelligence (8.12±1.81), excitability (9.60± 3.26), excitement (10.84±4.59), suspicion (8.94±2.87), introversion (9.01±2.60), experiment (10.18±2.52) and independence (10.51±3.13) of the subjects were significantly lower than the national norm (P<0.05) . The scores of sensitivity (10.67±2.72), anxiety (9.60±3.78) and the self-discipline (13.30±2.42) were significantly higher than the national norm (P<0.05) . And 54.43% of bus drivers have high score in eight sub-personality analysis of mental health factors and 67.09% of them have low score in professional achievement factor. The analysis of personality characteristics of bus drivers with different bus driving experiences showed that the highest stability score was in 16 bus driving years and above, and the highest anxiety score was in 6~ <11 bus driving years and the highest tension and anxiety score were in 11 ~ <16 bus driving years (P <0.05) . Conclusion Bus drivers show special professional personality traits, and some characteristics will be strengthened and weakened with the growth of bus driving experience. It is necessary to carry out special training for the bus drivers with different bus driving experience, especially about dealing with various types of accident risk for new bus driver timely and psychological counseling for old bus driver regularly.

A exposição à vibração e a hipertensão arterial em trabalhadores do transporte coletivo metropolitano / Exposure to vibration and high blood pressure among metropolitan public transport workers

Resumo Objetivo: esclarecer possíveis associações entre a exposição à vibração no trabalho em ônibus da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG e o autorrelato de hipertensão arterial (HA). Métodos: questionário eletrônico preenchido em entrevista com motoristas (n = 853) e cobradores (n = 754), em pontos de parada das empresas, em 2012. Amostra estimada considerando-se as quotas de trabalhadores (universo amostral = 17.470 motoristas e cobradores) distribuídos nas cidades de Belo Horizonte, Betim e Contagem. A força das associações foi medida pelas razões de prevalência e seus intervalos de confiança de 95%. Após análise bivariada, a associação independente entre vibração e HA foi avaliada por modelos múltiplos de regressão de Poisson com variâncias robustas, ajustada por potenciais fatores de confusão. Resultados: quanto à resposta sobre exposição à vibração: nunca/raramente = 39,7% (nunca = 33,5% e raramente = 6,2%); às vezes = 21%; quase sempre/sempre = 39,3% (quase sempre = 5,9%; sempre = 33,4%). HA foi autorrelatada por 14,3%, sendo 33% mais frequente no grupo que informou sentir o corpo vibrar quase sempre/sempre, quando comparado ao grupo que informou nunca ou raramente (RP: 1,33; IC 95%: 1,02-1,73). Conclusão: a associação entre vibração e hipertensão salienta a relevância de se considerar a exposição ocupacional na abordagem das morbidades cardiovasculares em adultos.

Abstract Objective: explain the possible associations between occupational exposure to vibration on buses in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, MG, and self-reporting of high blood pressure (HBP). Methods: electronic forms completed during interviews with drivers (n = 853) and conductors (n = 754) at the bus company yards in 2012. The sample size was estimated taking into consideration the proportions of workers (overall total for sampling = 17,470 drivers and conductors) distributed in the municipalities Belo Horizonte, Betim and Contagem. The association power was measured by prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. After bivariate analysis, the independent association between vibration and HBP was evaluated using multiple Poisson regression models with robust variance, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results: responses regarding vibration: never/rarely = 39.7% (never = 33.5% and rarely = 6.2%), sometimes = 21%; almost always /always = 39.3% (almost always = 5.9%; always = 33.4%). HBP was self-reported by 14.3% and was 33% more frequent in the group that stated to feel their body vibrate almost always/always, in comparison with the group that stated never or rarely (PR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.02-1.73). Conclusion: the association between vibration and hypertension highlights the importance of considering the occupational exposure in addressing cardiovascular morbidity in adults.

Fatores associados ao excesso de peso e à obesidade em motoristas e cobradores do transporte público da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais / Factors associated with overweight and obesity in drivers and collectors of the public transportation in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte

Este estudo objetivou analisar os fatores associados à obesidade e ao excesso de peso em trabalhadores do transporte coletivo urbano de cidades da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais -Brasil. Conduziu-se estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, com 1.448 rodoviários (motoristas e cobradores) de Belo Horizonte, Betim e Contagem. Foram coletados, por meio de questionário no primeiro semestre de 2012, dados relativos às características antropométricas e sociodemográficas, vínculo com a empresa, carga de trabalho, condições do ônibus e características sobre pausas durante a jornada de trabalho. Para cálculo da proporção do excesso de peso, utilizou-se como ponto de corte o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) ≥ 25 kg/m2 e, para cálculo da obesidade, o ponto de corte foi IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2. Para análise dos dados, realizaram-se estatísticas descritiva (frequências relativas e absolutas), bivariada (teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson), e multivariada (Regressão de Poisson) com nível de significância de 5%. Dos 1.448 trabalhadores investigados, maior parte dos pesquisados era motorista (53,4%), do sexo masculino (87,4%), com idade entre 18 e 40 anos (67,3%), com 08 anos ou mais de estudos (81,8%), atuando na mesma empresa entre 0 e 2 anos (42,2%), e trabalhando no cargo de 0 a 2 anos (37,3%). Destacaram-se as características relacionadas às condições do ônibus e características sobre pausas durante a jornada de trabalho, com alta frequência daqueles que sentiam o corpo vibrar durante o serviço, que não tinham pausas para almoçar durante o trabalho, que quase sempre/sempre faziam hora-extra ou dobras. Quanto aos comportamentos de risco no estilo de vida, 15,8% dos trabalhadores eram fumantes...

This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with obesity and overweight in workers in public transportation system in the cities of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais-Brazil. A transversal and analytical epidemiological study was conducted with 1,448 road (drivers and collectors) of Belo Horizonte, Contagem and Betim. The data was collected through a questionnaire in the first half of 2012, concerning sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, contractwith the company, work load, conditions of the bus and features of breaks during the workday. To calculate the proportion of overweight,abody mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2was used as the cutoff point and tocalculate obesity, the cut-off was BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. For data analysis were used descriptive statistics (relative and absolute frequencies), bivariate (Chi-square test of Pearson), and multivariate analysis (Poisson regression) with a significance level of 5%.Of the 1,448 workers investigated, the majority was driver (53.4%), male (87.4%), aged between 18 and 40 years (67.3%), with 08 years or more of school (81.8%), working at the same company between 0 and 2 years (42.2%), and at the same position from 0 to 2 years (37.3%).The highlights werethe characteristics related to the conditions of the bus and features on breaks during the workday, withahigh frequency of those who felt the body vibrate during service, those who had no breaks for lunch during the day and those who almost always/always worked overtime or double journeys.As for risky behaviour, 15.8 of workers were smokers, 13.3%made abusive use of alcohol and 51.7% did not practice physical activities.

Influencing Factors on Health Promoting Lifestyle of Urban Bus Drivers in Small-sized Companies / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promoting lifestyle of urban bus driver in small-sized companies. METHODS: This study included 118 urban bus drivers who completed questionnaires. The data were collected from 6 small-sized bus companies located in a metropolitan city, from January to February 2015. Analyses were done using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. SPSS/Win 18.0 was used. RESULTS: The scores of HPLP of urban bus drivers were 2.7 (on a 4-point scale). Mean of HPLP sub-scores were self-fulfillment (3.0+/-0.5), interpersonal relationship (2.9+/-0.5), physical activity (2.9+/-0.7), health responsibility (2.7+/-0.5), healthy diet (2.6+/-0.6), and stress management (2.5+/-0.5). Among independent variables, job satisfaction and presence of religion were significantly related to health promoting lifestyle (explained 39.2%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that there is a need to strengthen job satisfaction for urban bus drivers' health promoting lifestyle.

The Effect of Emotional Labor for Job Stress in Bus Drivers / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the association between emotional labor and job stress in bus drivers, as well as to propose management strategies for job stress. METHODS: The study was conducted in February 2013 and involved 182 bus drivers working in the Gyeonggi area. RESULTS: emotional labor was 9.5+/-2.34 on average, and job stress was higher than the median of the same indicator among Korea's workers in the areas of physical environment, job autonomy, and relationship conflicts. Factors that affected job stress was lower if the subjects' Higher values for emotional labor indicated a higher level of job stress. CONCLUSION: To reduce among drivers, the following measures are necessary: increase the comfort of the driver's seat within the vehicle, provide adequate rest between bus headways, provide comfortable in-house rest facilities, and establish physical training spaces to reduce musculoskeletal disorders as well as programs for reducing back pain. In addition, relationship conflicts may be relieved by increasing job autonomy as much as possible, by granting autonomous control of working hours and bus headways, as well as by banning long work hours. Moreover, various club activities, exercise programs, and counseling programs that workers can be involved in together may be beneficial. This study is significant in that it identified the relationship of the bus drivers' emotional labor and job stress, which has previously been ignored as a research topic. Through its results, this study provides baseline data for the preparation of management strategies that can address the job stress of bus drivers.

The Effect of Emotional Labor for Job Stress in Bus Drivers / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the association between emotional labor and job stress in bus drivers, as well as to propose management strategies for job stress. METHODS: The study was conducted in February 2013 and involved 182 bus drivers working in the Gyeonggi area. RESULTS: emotional labor was 9.5+/-2.34 on average, and job stress was higher than the median of the same indicator among Korea's workers in the areas of physical environment, job autonomy, and relationship conflicts. Factors that affected job stress was lower if the subjects' Higher values for emotional labor indicated a higher level of job stress. CONCLUSION: To reduce among drivers, the following measures are necessary: increase the comfort of the driver's seat within the vehicle, provide adequate rest between bus headways, provide comfortable in-house rest facilities, and establish physical training spaces to reduce musculoskeletal disorders as well as programs for reducing back pain. In addition, relationship conflicts may be relieved by increasing job autonomy as much as possible, by granting autonomous control of working hours and bus headways, as well as by banning long work hours. Moreover, various club activities, exercise programs, and counseling programs that workers can be involved in together may be beneficial. This study is significant in that it identified the relationship of the bus drivers' emotional labor and job stress, which has previously been ignored as a research topic. Through its results, this study provides baseline data for the preparation of management strategies that can address the job stress of bus drivers.

Avaliação dos fatores de risco laborais e físicos para doenças cardiovasculares em motoristas de transporte urbano de ônibus em Montes Claros (MG) / Evaluation of labor-related and physical risk factors for cardiovascular disease in drivers of urban transport buses in Montes Claros in the state of Minas Gerais

Este estudo buscou avaliar os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em motoristas de ônibus em Montes Claros (MG). Foi empregado um questionário semiestruturado abordando dados pessoais, antropométricos, profissionais e laborais; e outro referente ao grau de estresse. Foram pesquisados 53 motoristas de ônibus e a média de idade foi de 30 a 39 anos, e dessa população, 81,1% diziam não ser fumantes, 58% não consumiam bebida alcoólica e 50% praticavam algum tipo de exercício. Na avaliação do IMC 40 motoristas (75,4%) estavam com excesso de peso. A prevalência dos hábitos alimentares foi de excesso consumo de açúcar (66,0%), de gordura (64,2%), de café (69,8%), de sal (60,4%), de Coca Cola (64,2%) e de refrigerante (54,7%). Dentre os relatos de doenças crônicas não foram observados motoristas diabéticos (98,1%) e nem hipertensos (94,3%). A maioria da amostragem, 69,7% teve nível de estresse normal. Em relação aos dados laboratoriais, a grande maioria dos motoristas apresentou hipertrigliceridemia e hipercolesterolemia. Os níveis de HDL estavam satisfatórios, e o de LDL apresentou nível normal e desejável em mais da metade da amostra. A prevalência para doença cardiovascular mostrou-se baixa.

The scope of this study was to evaluate risk factors for cardiovascular disease among bus drivers in Montes Claros in the state of Minas Gerais. A semi-structured questionnaire covering personal, anthropometric, professional and labor-related data was used, in addition to a questionnaire on the level of stress. 53 bus drivers were surveyed and the average age was 30 to 39 years of age. 81.1% were non-smokers; 58% of the sample were teetotalers; and 50% took regular exercise. In the assessment of BMI, 40 drivers (75.4%) were overweight. The prevalence in eating habits revealed excess consumption of sugar (66.0%), fat (64.2%), coffee (69.8%), salt (60.4%), coca cola (64.2%) and soft drinks (54.7%). Among reports of chronic diseases, no diabetic (98.1%) or hypertensive (94.3%) drivers were observed. Most of the sample (69.7%) had normal stress levels. With respect to laboratory data, the vast majority of drivers had hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. HDL levels were satisfactory, and the LDL revealed normal and desirable levels in more than half of the sample. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was low.

The Association Between Hypertension and Lifestyle in Express Bus Drivers / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether or not there is an association between blood pressure and lifestyle habits in male express bus drivers. METHODS: The study subjects were 249 male express bus drivers. The data was obtained from annual health surveillance. A structured questionnaire was used to assess smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, daily hours of sleep, work duration and weekly working hours. The subjects' BMI (Body Mass Index) was classified using the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for obesity in Asians, and their blood pressure was classified according to the JNC (Joint National Committee) 7 classification. Multiple cases of logistic regression modeling were used to determine associations between hypertension and the subjects' common characteristics, lifestyle habits and obesity were used as the independent variables. RESULTS: We found that lack of sleep was associated with hypertension (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.01~3.39) and obesity was also associated with hypertension (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.59~4.98). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that daily hours of sleep and obesity were associated with hypertension in male express bus drivers. Due to the characteristics of this job, such as long hours and lack of exercise, it can result in obesity and lack of sleep, which can in turn influence occurrences of hypertension. Therefore, consideration of lack of sleep and obesity in their workers will be helpful for the management in the prevention of hypertension.

Mulheres ao volante: uma análise de gênero, saúde e trabalho em mulheres motoristas de ônibus na cidade do Rio de Janeiro / Women at the wheel: an analysis of gender, health and work

A presente dissertação, que está inserida no campo da Saúde do Trabalhador, abordou o trabalho de mulheres motoristas de ônibus na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, buscando compreender o fenômeno imbricado na articulação trabalho-gênero-saúde. Uma pesquisa empírica foi realizada com motoristas, uma supervisora de Recursos Humanos (RH) e uma instrutora que trabalham em uma empresa de ônibus situada na Zona Norte do Rio de Janeiro e com motoristas de duas empresas da Zona Oeste da cidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como as condições de trabalho repercutem na saúde de mulheres que atuam como motoristas de ônibus urbanos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O referencial teórico adotado nos aproximou do conceito de gênero e da divisão sexual do trabalho e considerou uma concepção ampliada de saúde, que prioriza as experiências vividas pelos próprios trabalhadores na produção de conhecimentos sobre as relações entre o trabalho e a saúde. A metodologia adotada seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa, a partir de um mosaico científico composto de observações participantes no interior de ônibus guiados por mulheres, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e análise de matérias de revista especializada no transporte urbano por ônibus. Como resultado, destacamos que as condições de trabalho no setor de transporte rodoviário de passageiros por ônibus geram repercussões distintas à saúde, cujas principais diferenças podem ser compreendidas pela perspectiva de gênero. Nesse sentido, apontamos em nosso estudo que diferenças biológicas entre os sexos se apresentam como desvantagens ergonômicas para as mulheres que dirigem ônibus projetados para homens, uma vez que esta atividade parece ser ainda considerada, socialmente e, portanto com reflexos nas técnicas e tecnologias, como exclusiva para homens...

This dissertation, which is inserted in the field of Worker’s Health, discussed the work of female bus drivers in the city of Rio de Janeiro, seeking to understand the phenomenon in light of work-gender-health issues. The research was conducted withfemale bus drivers, a supervisor in Human Resources (HR) and an instructor, who work at a bus company located in the northern zone of Rio de Janeiro, and with female busdrivers from two companies in the western zone of the city. The study aimed to analyze the effect of work conditions on the health of female bus drivers in Rio de Janeiro. The theoretical references for this study centered on the concepts of gender and the sexual division of labour, and considered a broader conception of health that prioritized the experiences of the workers themselves in the production of knowledge about therelations between work and health. The methodology followed a qualitative approach, based on a scientific mosaic made up of participants’ observations inside the buses driven by women, semi-structured interviews and analysis of articles from a magazine that specialized in urban bus transport. As a result, we can affirm that the workconditions in the bus transportation sector generate different consequences in terms of health, and that the main differences can be understood through the perspective of gender. In this sense, we identified in our study that biological differences between the sexes represent ergonomic disadvantages for the women that drive buses designed for male drivers, since this activity still seems to be socially considered an exclusively male area, and this fact impacts on the techniques and technology used...

The Relationship between Job Stress and Dyslipidemia in Express Bus Drivers / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether or not there is a relationship between job stress and dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers. METHODS: The study subjects were 301 male express bus drivers. The data was obtained from annual health surveillance. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors and job characteristics. Job stress was measured by the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. A measure of blood lipid levels, comprised of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, was dichotomized and categorized into 'high' or 'low'. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine an association between job stress and dyslipidemia, with blood lipid level as the dependent variable. RESULTS: We found that high job demand was associated with high total cholesterol (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.18-8.95) and high LDL-cholesterol (OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.18-14.44) and lack of job control was associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.04-3.56). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that job demand and lack of job control were associated with dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers. A job stress management program that emphasizes job demand and lack of job control is needed to prevent dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers.

A gestão da atividade do motorista de ônibus: um olhar ergológico / The activity management the bus driver: an ergological view

Este estudo busca colocar em evidência a atividade de gestão do trabalho efetuada pelo motorista de ônibus na cidade de João Pessoa/Pb, a partir do relato da atividade de um dia de trabalho deste profissional. Orientados pela perspectiva ergológica e fundamentados na ergonomia da atividade, verificamos que se intensifica a presença de variabilidades e instabilidades existentes em função do tipo de organização do trabalho adotado, o que eleva o nível de exigência dos usos de si por parte do motorista no modo de gestão. Face às im(previsibilidades) geradas pelo tempo, agruras do trânsito, relações com colegas, despachantes e passageiros, o motorista vivencia a dramática do trabalho ao gerir constantemente sua atividade, frente aos limites e equívocos da prescrição e às infidelidades do meio. No curso da atividade, a gestão operada pelo motorista se dá frente a diferentes e simultâneos fatores, muitas vezes antagônicos, como os resultados a alcançar - exemplificado pelo número mínimo de passageiros por viagem, o que nos remete à permanente pressão temporal a que está submetido -, e o respeito a valores não-dimensionados, como preservação da saúde e cordialidade na relação com os clientes. (AU)

This study adresses to evidenciate the work´s management activity accomplished by a bus driver in João Pessoa city, Paraíba, Brazil, starting from a labor day report of this professional. Guided by an ergological perspective and based on an ergonomic activity, it is verified that some presence of variabilities and existent instabilities is increasing due to the adopted work organization model, which enhances the demand level of usages by a bus driver on the management method. The driver, up to some un(predictabilities) generated by time such, trafic dificulties, collegues relationships, dispatchers and passengers, experiences the dramatic work by constantily managing his duty, also facing limits, tasks misunderstandings and infidelities in which his live in. In the activity course, the manegement accomplished by the driver occurs due to different and simultaneous factors, many times antagonistic, as the results to reach (exemplified by the minimum number of passengers by trip, prompting us to the permanent temporary pressure that is submitted), as well as the non-dimensional respectfulness values such health preservation and cordial relation with the customers. (AU)

Cluster analysis on the job stress factors of drivers / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To study the job stress factors of drivers.Methods:Cluster analysis.Results:The job stress factors of drivers can be divided into six clusters,which are social support,negative state,job requiring,job control,stress level,and job busyness and monotony.Conclusion:Comprehensive measures should be used to reduce the job stress.